The story of Exeter is one of resilience, leadership, and transformation. Located along the Squamscott River, this town has played a significant role in American history. Yet, it still maintains the charm of a classic New England community.
From early Native American life to its role in the American Revolution, Exeter’s past feels rich and layered. Moreover, its history continues to shape the town today.
Let’s explore the history of Exeter New Hampshire, step by step, and uncover what makes this town so meaningful.
Long before settlers arrived, the land around Exeter belonged to Native American tribes. These groups lived close to nature and respected the environment.
The Squamscott River provided food and transportation. Meanwhile, forests offered shelter and materials.
Life followed seasonal patterns. People moved with the land, depending on weather and resources.
Even today, the influence of these early inhabitants remains part of the region’s identity.
Exeter officially began in 1638. Reverend John Wheelwright led a group of settlers to the area.
Wheelwright had been banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Therefore, he sought a new place to build a community.
He purchased land from local Native Americans. Then, he established a settlement along the river.
This marked the beginning of Exeter’s long and important history.
Soon after its founding, Exeter introduced an early form of self-government. This agreement became known as the Exeter Combination.
Residents agreed to govern themselves under shared rules. Meanwhile, they worked together to maintain order.
This system reflected early democratic ideas. It showed how the community valued cooperation and fairness.
As a result, Exeter gained recognition as a place of political importance.
During the 1600s and early 1700s, Exeter began to grow steadily. Farming, fishing, and trade supported the economy.
The river played a key role in this growth. Goods moved easily between Exeter and nearby areas.
Additionally, small businesses began to appear. These included mills, shops, and trading posts.
Life remained simple, yet the town continued to develop.
Exeter became especially important during the American Revolution. In fact, it served as New Hampshire’s revolutionary capital.
The town hosted government meetings and military planning. Leaders gathered here to make key decisions.
One major moment came when colonists removed British supplies from nearby Fort William and Mary. This act showed growing resistance.
As a result, Exeter played a direct role in the fight for independence.
The Gilman family became one of Exeter’s most influential families. Several members held important political roles.
Nicholas Gilman, for example, signed the U.S. Constitution. His contributions helped shape the nation’s future.
The family’s presence strengthened Exeter’s reputation as a center of leadership.
Their legacy remains an important part of the town’s story.
In 1781, Phillips Exeter Academy was founded. This institution quickly gained national recognition.
The academy focused on strong academic values. Over time, it educated many influential individuals.
Its campus became a central part of Exeter. Additionally, it brought students and visitors from across the country.
Today, the academy continues to shape the town’s identity.
During the 19th century, Exeter experienced industrial growth. Mills and factories developed along the Squamscott River.
These businesses produced goods such as textiles and lumber. Meanwhile, they created jobs for local residents.
The river powered much of this activity. As a result, it remained central to the town’s economy.
Although industry later declined, its impact remains visible.
Like many towns, Exeter changed with the arrival of the railroad. Transportation became faster and more reliable.
Goods moved more easily. Meanwhile, travel became more accessible.
This led to population growth and economic expansion. Businesses thrived, and new opportunities emerged.
The railroad helped connect Exeter to larger markets and cities.
As the 20th century began, Exeter focused on preserving its history. Many historic buildings remained intact.
Local organizations worked to protect landmarks and educate the public. Meanwhile, museums and archives shared the town’s story.
Although modern changes occurred, Exeter maintained its character.
This balance between past and present became a defining feature.
Today, Exeter blends historic charm with modern living. Visitors can walk through streets lined with colonial-era buildings.
At the same time, shops, restaurants, and businesses offer contemporary experiences.
Events and festivals celebrate the town’s heritage. Meanwhile, the community continues to grow and evolve.
This combination makes Exeter both unique and inviting.
The Squamscott River still plays an important role in Exeter. While it no longer powers mills, it adds beauty and recreation.
Residents and visitors enjoy walking paths, kayaking, and scenic views. Meanwhile, the river connects the past to the present.
It remains a symbol of the town’s history and natural beauty.
The history of Exeter feels more than just dates and events. It shapes the community’s identity.
First, it shows how the town developed over time. Next, it highlights the people who influenced its growth.
Additionally, it reminds us of the importance of preserving heritage.
Understanding Exeter’s past helps us appreciate its present.
The history of Exeter tells a story of determination, leadership, and lasting impact. From its founding in 1638 to its role in the American Revolution, Exeter has played a meaningful role in shaping New Hampshire.
Yet, it never lost its charm. The town continues to honor its past while embracing the future.
Whether you’re exploring historic landmarks or simply walking along the river, you’re experiencing a place where history lives on.
In Exeter, every street and building carries a story—and those stories continue to inspire today.